简·古道尔

珍妮古道尔，曾获得了联合国所颁发的马丁·路德·金反暴力奖。这个奖过去曾经也有两位人士获得过，他们分别是南非前总统曼德拉以及前联合国秘书长安南。 1975年，她建立了致力于野生动物研究、教育和保护的珍·古道尔研究会，向全世界推进动物的研究工作。她的巨大贡献以及"国家地理"为她拍摄的几部精彩的电影使她名扬四海。她为成人写过六本书，包括那本著名的《在人类的阴影下》。伊丽莎白二世授予她英帝国司令的头衔。她还获得过多次褒奖，包括在基础科学研究领域极富盛誉的KYOTO奖和国家地理学会的胡博奖，以奖励她在研究、探索和发现方面的突出贡献。

如果说我们是自大的种族莫不如说我们是科学历史的牺牲品，我们现在应该懂得生命的意义及价值。古道尔对黑猩猩和灵长类动物的感情之深厚，还可以从一次谈话中听出来。她说："当我看了有些医学科学家实验用的关在笼子里的猩猩或猴子时，就好像在波兰参观纳粹集中营时所感受到的同样滋味。"她把在非洲各地市场上骨瘦如柴可怜的黑猩猩收养起来。可是当她的妈妈薇恩的生命得救于猪心瓣的嫁接时，也不得不承认她对动物的爱好也有其片面性的方面。

“根，在地下四处蜿蜒而生，为植物生长奠定了坚实的基础。幼芽看似柔弱，但为了接触到阳光，它们努力生长，甚至可以钻透厚厚的砖墙。困扰着我们这颗星球的种种问题就好像是那些砖墙。成千上万如根之坚、芽之韧的年轻人遍布世界，为了更广阔的光明，他们一定可以冲破重重壁垒。" 珍妮说：年轻人容易悲观失望。我回想起60多年来世界的变迁，也会对某些改变感到遗憾。但是，很多困难是可以克服的，很多令人不满的状况都是可以通过自己的双手改变的。只要你去做。”创造一种信念、信心，是"根与芽"的初衷和目标。

从东非成立第一个组织起，"根与芽"今天已发展成为在50余个国家注册的1000多个团体，无论是学龄前儿童还是大学生。根与芽"组织的活动推进本地人对动物、人类社区和环境问题的关注。这些小组之间建立了稳固的联系，通过各种渠道互通有无，共同商讨怎样使生活更美好的课题。 “这是学生们自愿报名参加的课余小组，8岁以下的孩子是有老师指导的，小学以上的学生小组完全是自主的，没有老师和家长的干预，但是我们会对他们提出每个学期的期望。学生们自己寻找问题和解决办法，自己去募捐资金。只有当孩子们认识到这是他们自己的组织，是在为自己做事情，他们才能够认真地去感受和体验，才能树立起信心。”

关于著名动物生态学家珍妮·古道尔（Jane　Goodall）的经历，说来非常动人。古道尔1934年4月3日出生于伦敦。她从小痴心于动物，爱读杜立特写的动物故事书。她知道非洲的哺乳类动物最丰富，很想到那里去。她没有钱，就去当女招待和女秘书，攒足了旅费钱就启程到了非洲的肯尼亚。

古道尔一到肯尼亚，就去找著名的猿人类考古学家路易斯·里基（Louis　Leakey），向他要求给她个和动物打交道的工作。里基在一次保护野生动物的考察旅行中，不经心地考验了她对野生动物的知识后，同意请她当他的助理秘书。后来又看到她要和动物为伍的立志很坚，就派她到坦桑尼亚去观察野生黑猩猩群。这是因为里基认为黑猩猩在动物中与人的亲缘最相近似，它的基因组有98%与人类的相同，通过过黑猩猩生态习性的观察，可以为人类的远祖情况提供线索。于是这个没有受过训练的姑娘，单枪匹马，。这是1960年的事，古道尔芳龄26。

里基为什么同意一个年轻的姑娘去观察黑猩猩的群体呢？除了古道尔的恳切要求外，他认为以考察灵长类动物的群体生活习性而论，女性的考察员对那些雄猩猩的威胁可能远低于男性的考察员，从而使考察工作更为可行。结果表明，里基的理论是正确的。

当地的土著人告诉她有人曾在爬一棵油棕树时被一只雄猩猩从树顶趋下来撕破了脸庞挖去了一只眼睛的可怕经历。但是她不被这则故事所吓倒。她一天又一天轻手轻脚地逼近黑猩猩群，她仿效黑猩猩的动作和呼叫声，使她能够和它们作一定程度的沟通，仿佛自己也是一只母猩猩。她惊人的耐心终于获得了黑猩猩群的信赖，为它们所接受，融入了它们的群体之中。

她在坦桑尼亚建立了"刚比河研究中心"。在对黑猩猩群所进行的长达30年持久不懈的观察研究工作中，她还陆陆续续地发现在这个刚比群体中的个体间形形色色的交互关系和生态习性。她观察到了在母子间和兄弟姐妹间的情爱情景，观察到了它们在雨中跳舞的欢乐情景，观察到了在活动中雄猩猩轮流和母猩猩爱并不争斗的情景；可是也观察到了上下间的制服和敌手间的仇恨情景，观察到了一只四岁的母猩猩虐杀了几乎全部新生猩猩的疯狂情景，任何有使结果产生偏倚的行为，都必须尽量避免。在生态学的观察过程中，工作人员必须避免对被观察动物产生影响的行为。因此古道尔认为她把香蕉给黑猩猩吃这桩事犯了大错，为此而后悔不已。

Jeanne Goodall, who won the Martin Ruud Kim prize awarded by the anti violence. This award was also two people received, they are the former South African President Mandela and former UN Secretary General Longanan. In 1975, she established has devoted to the wild animal research, education and the protection of the Jane Goodall Institute, research work around the world to promote animal. Her great contribution as well as "shooting the National Geographic" for her a wonderful movie made her well-known in the world. She has written six books for the adult, including the famous "in humanity’s shadow". Elizabeth S was awarded the title of commander of the British empire. She also won several awards, including Hu Bo award in the basic science research area highly prestigious KYOTO awards and the National Geographic Society, rewards her in the research, exploration and discovery, outstanding contributions.

过去，我们认为人类是唯一懂感情的动物。珍妮发现，黑猩猩每天要用两三个小时互相梳理皮毛联络感情，这是它们必不可少的社交活动，而寻找食物则花一个小时。它们从整理皮毛得到的温情与快意似乎超过了吃东西的愉快。它们久别重逢的场面酷似人类，不乏搂抱、握手的亲热之举。可见黑猩猩的感情世界非常丰富。我们要感谢珍妮的一伟大的发现，不然我们不知还要等上多少年。

In the past, we believe that man is the only animal to understand the feelings of. Jeanne found, every other chimpanzee grooming Contact feelings for two or three hours, it is essential to their social activities, while looking for food, spend an hour. Them from the warmth and joy finishing coat appears to be more than happy to eat. They after being apart a long time scene just like a human being, not to move, shake hands. Visible chimpanzee feeling in the world is very rich. A great find that we would like to thank Jeanne, or we don’t have to wait many years.

如果说我们是自大的种族莫不如说我们是科学历史的牺牲品，我们现在应该懂得生命的意义及价值。古道尔对黑猩猩和灵长类动物的感情之深厚，还可以从一次谈话中听出来。她说："当我看了有些医学科学家实验用的关在笼子里的猩猩或猴子时，就好像在波兰参观纳粹集中营时所感受到的同样滋味。"她把在非洲各地市场上骨瘦如柴可怜的黑猩猩收养起来。可是当她的妈妈薇恩的生命得救于猪心瓣的嫁接时，也不得不承认她对动物的爱好也有其片面性的方面。

If we are arrogant race there is nothing like that we are victims of the history of science, we should understand the meaning and value of life now. Goodall chimpanzee and primate animal feelings deep, can also hear it from a conversation. She said: "when I read some medical scientists experiments with caged chimpanzees or monkeys, like in Poland to visit the same taste Nazi concentration camp felt. "She put in markets around the Africa as thin poor chimpanzee adopted. But when her mother in her life has been saved by porcine flap grafting, had to admit that her love of the animal also has its one sidedness.

为了唤起公众环保意识，珍妮建立了一个全球范围的青少年教育计划：根与芽。

In order to raise public awareness of environmental protection, Jeanne established a youth education program in a global: roots and shoots.

“根，在地下四处蜿蜒而生，为植物生长奠定了坚实的基础。幼芽看似柔弱，但为了接触到阳光，它们努力生长，甚至可以钻透厚厚的砖墙。困扰着我们这颗星球的种种问题就好像是那些砖墙。成千上万如根之坚、芽之韧的年轻人遍布世界，为了更广阔的光明，他们一定可以冲破重重壁垒。" 珍妮说：年轻人容易悲观失望。我回想起60多年来世界的变迁，也会对某些改变感到遗憾。但是，很多困难是可以克服的，很多令人不满的状况都是可以通过自己的双手改变的。只要你去做。”创造一种信念、信心，是"根与芽"的初衷和目标。

"The root, in the ground around the winding, laid a solid foundation for the growth of plants. Bud appears to be weak, but in order to exposure to the sun, they strive to grow, even can drill through the thick brick walls. All sorts of problems plaguing the planet like the bricks. Tens of thousands of such as root of Kennedy, bud resilience of young people all over the world, in order to more broad and bright, they can break through the barriers. Jeanne said: "young people are easily disappointed. I think back over the past 60 years the world changes, feel sorry for some change. However, many difficulties can be overcome, many unsatisfactory condition is changed by their own hands. As long as you do." To create a belief, faith, is the "original intention and goal of root and bud".

“很多人问我，想要通过这个活动来拯救地球吗？不，我并不那样认为。我们没有能力改变整个世界，可是，我们可以努力去改变一个人或一个地方，我想，这就够了。”

"A lot of people ask me, want to through this activity to save the earth? No, I don’t think so. We do not have the ability to change the world, but, we can try to change a person or a place, I think, that’s enough."

从东非成立第一个组织起，"根与芽"今天已发展成为在50余个国家注册的1000多个团体，无论是学龄前儿童还是大学生。根与芽"组织的活动推进本地人对动物、人类社区和环境问题的关注。这些小组之间建立了稳固的联系，通过各种渠道互通有无，共同商讨怎样使生活更美好的课题。 “这是学生们自愿报名参加的课余小组，8岁以下的孩子是有老师指导的，小学以上的学生小组完全是自主的，没有老师和家长的干预，但是我们会对他们提出每个学期的期望。学生们自己寻找问题和解决办法，自己去募捐资金。只有当孩子们认识到这是他们自己的组织，是在为自己做事情，他们才能够认真地去感受和体验，才能树立起信心。”

From the East and established the first organized, "roots and shoots" has become today registered in more than 50 countries more than 1000 groups, whether preschool children or students. Root and shoot "organized activities to promote local people attention to animal, human community and environmental issues. Stable relationships between these groups, mutual exchange of needed products through various channels, to discuss how to make life better in the subject. "This is the students enrolled in the voluntary after-school group, children under the age of 8 are teachers, primary school students and above team is completely independent, no teacher and parents of intervention, but we will make each semester expectations for them. The students find their own problems and solutions, to raise funds. Only when the children realize that this is their own organization, is doing things for themselves, they can seriously to feel and experience, in order to establish confidence."

关于著名动物生态学家珍妮·古道尔（Jane Goodall）的经历，说来非常动人。古道尔1934年4月3日出生于伦敦。她从小痴心于动物，爱读杜立特写的动物故事书。她知道非洲的哺乳类动物最丰富，很想到那里去。她没有钱，就去当女招待和女秘书，攒足了旅费钱就启程到了非洲的肯尼亚。

A famous animal ecologist Jenny Goodall (Jane Goodall) experience, speaking very touching. Goodall was born in London in April 3, 1934. She was foolish to animal, love to read the story book was written in animal. She knew that the most abundant mammalian animal Africa, really want to go there to. She has no money, go when the waitress and female secretary, save enough money left to Africa travel in Kenya.

古道尔一到肯尼亚，就去找著名的猿人类考古学家路易斯·里基（Louis Leakey），向他要求给她个和动物打交道的工作。里基在一次保护野生动物的考察旅行中，不经心地考验了她对野生动物的知识后，同意请她当他的助理秘书。后来又看到她要和动物为伍的立志很坚，就派她到坦桑尼亚去观察野生黑猩猩群。这是因为里基认为黑猩猩在动物中与人的亲缘最相近似，它的基因组有98%与人类的相同，通过过黑猩猩生态习性的观察，可以为人类的远祖情况提供线索。于是这个没有受过训练的姑娘，单枪匹马，就闯入了观察黑猩猩这个从来没有人尝试过、也没有人敢尝试的科学领域之中。这是1960年的事，古道尔芳龄26。

Goodall arrived in Kenya, went to the famous ape human archaeologist Luis Ricky (Louis Leakey), ask him to give her a job dealing with animal. Ricky on the trip, a protected wild animal, without a test of her wild animal knowledge, agreed to please her to be his assistant secretary. Later saw her and animal company to a strong, sent her to Tanzania to observe the wild chimpanzee populations. This is because Ricky thought the chimpanzee and human beings in animal genetic most similar, its genome has 98% and the same through the observation of human, chimpanzee ecological habits, can provide clues about the situation of human ancestors. So this is not trained girl, single-handed, into the observation of chimpanzee that people never tried, no one would dare try to science. This happened in 1960, Goodall’s 26.

Why did Ricky agreed to a young girl to observe the chimpanzee groups? In addition to Goodall earnest request, he believes that in the eyes of group living habits of primate animal, inspection staff women may be much lower than the survey of the male those males threat, so as to make the work more feasible. The results show that, Ricky’s theory is correct.

继古道尔考察成功之后，相继有黛安·福西（Dian Fossey）对非洲大猩猩群的考察和蓓鲁特·高尔迪卡（Birute Galdikas）两位女生态学家对印尼猩猩群的考察。不幸的是福西后来为了保护大猩猩被偷猎，竟遭到当地偷猎者的残忍杀害。

After Goodall investigation have been successful, Diane Fossi (Dian Fossey) on Africa gorillas investigation and Beirut Galdikas (Birute Galdikas) on two female ecologists to Indonesian orangutan groups. Unfortunately Fauci later in order to protect the gorilla poaching, even by the killing of a local poachers cruelty.

早在1942年，英国人的非洲狩猎团就已在尼喀湖（现属坦桑尼亚）西岸的雨林中发现了黑猩猩群居的踪迹。古道尔的营地就设在位于湖西岸的坦岗刚比河畔人迹罕到的茂密热带雨林里。在这里还是英国人殖民地的时期就已划出了150平方公里的野生动物保护区。里面就是黑猩猩群生息繁衍之地。

As early as in 1942, the British Africa Safari has Tanganyika Lake (now part of Tanzania) on the West Bank of the Yu Linzhong found traces of chimpanzee social. Goodall camp is located in Lake West Tan Gang just than riverside unfrequented dense tropical rainforest. Here or in the British colonial period had been out of the wild animal protection area of 150 square kilometers. There is a breed of chimpanzee group.

初到时和她的妈妈薇恩同来，搭了个大帐篷，请了一个非洲厨师多米尼克和他的妻子当后勤。三个月后薇恩回归英国，古道尔聘用了一位曾经为里基工作过15年的非洲人哈山当助手。他是个好助手，帮了古道尔不少忙。最初，黑猩猩们对这位闯入其领地的白皮肤的不速之客纷纷躲避。珍妮只能在500米外观察它们。为了求得黑猩猩的认同，珍妮露宿林中，吃黑猩猩吃的果子。15个月后，黑猩猩们对珍妮的出现终于习以为常。珍妮甚至坐在黑猩猩身边，它们也爱搭不理地懒得看她一眼。古道尔不顾艰苦，带了哈山静悄悄地进入林区，静悄悄地等待，静悄悄地观察。雨林中的茂草有一人多高，锋利的叶片刮伤了她的皮肤，有时只能像猩猩那样爬树在树间行动。她也遇到过黑猩猩对她的威胁，由于临危不惧，终于安度难关。

Arrival and her mother Wei grace with, a big tent, please a Africa chef Dominic and his wife when the logistics. Three months after her return to the UK, Goodall hired a once worked for Ricky for 15 years as an assistant Africans hassan. He is a good assistant, help the Goodall lot. Initially, the chimpanzee into its territory on the white skin of the casual visitor fleeing. Jeanne could only watch them at 500 meters. In order to obtain the chimpanzee’s identity, Jeanne slept in the forest, eat a chimpanzee to eat fruit. 15 months later, the chimpanzee appearance on Jeanne finally be accustomed to. Jeanne even sitting in the chimpanzee side, they also love nothing to bother to look at her. Goodall, despite the difficult, took Hassan quietly into the forest, quietly waiting, quietly observe. In the forest and grass has a high, sharp blade scratch her skin, and sometimes can only climb a tree like gorilla in the tree operations. She also met a chimpanzee to her threat, due to face danger fearlessly, finally spend the difficulties.

当地的土著人告诉她有人曾在爬一棵油棕树时被一只雄猩猩从树顶趋下来撕破了脸庞挖去了一只眼睛的可怕经历。但是她不被这则故事所吓倒。她一天又一天轻手轻脚地逼近黑猩猩群，她仿效黑猩猩的动作和呼叫声，使她能够和它们作一定程度的沟通，仿佛自己也是一只母猩猩。她惊人的耐心终于获得了黑猩猩群的信赖，为它们所接受，融入了它们的群体之中。

The local indigenous people tell her someone had climbed a tree oil palm is a male orangutan tree from top to down torn face tend to dig one eye of the terrible experience. But she was not intimidated by this story. Her day in and day out cautiously without any noise approximation of chimpanzee groups, she modeled chimpanzee movements and voice, so that she can make a certain degree of communication with them, as if he is an orangutan. Her amazing patience finally won the trust of chimpanzee groups, acceptable to them, into their group.

她早期关于黑猩猩能够使用工具的发现震惊了世界，因为在此以前大家认为只有人类能够使用工具。她发现黑猩猩使用细长的树枝从白蚁窝的出入口插进去沾出白蚁来吃。与此同时，她还发现黑猩猩是杂食而不是过去所公认的素食性的，因为她见到了黑猩猩还爱吃动物的肉。

Her early on chimpanzee tool use that shocked the world, because before we thought that only humans can use tools. She found the chimpanzee with slender branches from the termites nest entrances insert with the termites to eat. At the same time, she also found that chimpanzee are omnivorous rather than accepted vegetarian, because she saw the chimpanzee also eat animal meat.

5年后，即1965年，古道尔对黑猩猩群体生态学的观察和研究成果使她获得了英国剑桥大学的博士学位。

5 years later, in 1965, the observation and research results of the chimpanzee population ecology Goodall earned her doctorate from the University of Cambridge.

她在坦桑尼亚建立了"刚比河研究中心"。在对黑猩猩群所进行的长达30年持久不懈的观察研究工作中，她还陆陆续续地发现在这个刚比群体中的个体间形形色色的交互关系和生态习性。她观察到了在母子间和兄弟姐妹间的情爱情景，观察到了它们在雨中跳舞的欢乐情景，观察到了在活动中雄猩猩轮流和母猩猩爱并不争斗的情景；可是也观察到了上下间的制服和敌手间的仇恨情景，观察到了一只四岁的母猩猩虐杀了几乎全部新生猩猩的疯狂情景。

She set up in Tanzania "just than the river research center". In the chimpanzee groups up to 30 years unremitting study work, she also continued to find in the stiffness ratio of individuals in the population of every hue between interaction and ecological habits. She observed in the parent and sibling love scene, observed them dancing in the rain in the happy scene, observed in sexual activity of males and females do not fight turns sex scene; but also observed between upper and lower uniforms and enemy hatred between scenarios, observed a four year old female chimp killed nearly all new apes crazy scene.

她对她观察得最仔细的刚比群中每个成员都认得，并为它们起了名字。例如Flo是只漂亮而性感的母猩猩，她哺育了好几个子女，其中最小的儿子叫Flint。在这对母子间的感情好得无以复加，到母亲死后，小儿子十分伤心，不久也死了。然而，由于嫉妒，不时有母猩猩把不是自己生的婴儿抢过来残忍地弄死后吃掉。

She was most closely at each member than group are recognized, and the name for their. For example, Flo is a beautiful and sexy female orangutan, she had given birth to several children, the youngest son Flint. In the mother and son relationship was incapable of further increase, to after the death of their mother, the younger son is very sad, soon also died. However, because of jealousy, from time to time there are mothers put not your own baby grabbed the cruelly kill after eating.

于是古道尔发现了不少习性与人类间的多少有相通之处。可是经过长期的观察，期间的差别还是很大。古道尔认为，黑猩猩不像人类有个性，有意识。她研究不出黑猩猩的意识是什么，也看不出它们的个性是否存在。

So the Goodall found many many habits and among humans have in common. But after a long period of observation, the difference is still very large. Goodall chimpanzee that, unlike the human personality, consciousness. She is not what is the chimpanzee consciousness, can not see their individual existence.

作为一位杰出的科学家，古道尔的品德为众人所仰慕。首先是她对自然界特别是动物界的无限爱好和了解，对知识的永不满足；其次是她有超人的勇气、耐心和恒心，能够去平常人不敢去的野兽出没之区而无所畏惧；第三是她作了入微见细的观察和客观翔实的记录，为自己的科学研究提供第一手的资料；第四是她忠实于科学事业，从不讳言自己在观察和研究中的缺点。例如她说不应该用香蕉给她的黑猩猩朋友，因为这样做有可能改变了它们的生存环境和生活习惯，从而使所观察到的资料和进行的判断产生偏倚。在科学研究中，任何有使结果产生偏倚

As a distinguished scientist, Goodall moral admiration for the people. First she especially animal world infinite love and understanding of the nature of knowledge, meet never; then she has superhuman courage, patience and perseverance, to ordinary people dare not go wild animals and the area be fearless; third she made detail see fine observation and objective and accurate records, provide the first hand data for their scientific research; fourth is her loyalty to the cause of science, never denied himself in the observation and study of the shortcomings in the. For example, she said she should not give her chimpanzee friends with bananas, because doing so is likely to change their living environment and living habits, so that the observed data and to determine the bias. In scientific research, any result in

bias behavior, must avoid. In the observation of the process of ecology, the staff must avoid the effect on the observed behavior of animal. Therefore, Goodall believes her bananas to the chimpanzee eats it made a big mistake, this and regret.

古道尔成了黑猩猩最好的人类朋友，堪称为世界级的模范科学研究员。

Goodall chimpanzee into the best human friend, is a world class model for scientific research